Understanding Chest Infections and Antibiotics

Over 90% of common chest infections are caused by viruses. Antibiotics do not work on viruses. They only work on bacteria.
Our policy is not about rationing medication, but about providing the right treatment for the right illness to ensure your safety and combat antibiotic resistance.
For most viral chest infections, the best treatment is self-care at home. Get plenty of rest, drink lots of fluids, and use simple painkillers like paracetamol.
A cough from a chest infection can normally last for two or even three weeks as your body heals.

For the vast majority of chest infections, your body is brilliant at fighting them off with simple self-care.

We only prescribe antibiotics when we see specific 'red flag' signs that suggest a more serious, bacterial infection that requires them.

You feel your symptoms are very severe or getting significantly worse.
You feel very unwell with a very high temperature.
You are coughing up blood, you feel confused or drowsy.
Your cough lasts for more than 3 weeks.
You have a long-term health condition (for example, COPD/asthma or heart disease).

For more detailed information on chest infection, please visit the official NHS website.

Last reviewed: 13 September 2025
Next review due: 13 September 2028

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